分類思考法

為了盡快地幫助同學(xué)們在盡可能短的時間里熟悉四級作文的命題思路，以及在短時間內(nèi)能夠找到合適的論述理由，我們通過分析歷年四級考試真題并研究了命題方向，在此基礎(chǔ)上總結(jié)了四級作文通用的十大思考方向，很多題目要求考生分析某一現(xiàn)象發(fā)生原因或可能產(chǎn)生的影響，我們不妨從以下十個方向進(jìn)行思考，打開思路：

1) 方便：convenient, convenience

相關(guān)話題：computer, internet，出外吃飯，電話，城市生活，例如：

The Internet is far more convenient and efficient than the written word or other conventional means of conveying meaning.

Advertisements can bring convenience to people’s lives.

Modern means of transportation make it very convenient for people to travel far or near, thus saving a lot of time and energy.

2) 效率：efficient, efficiently, efficiency

相關(guān)話題：計(jì)算機(jī)和高科技（high-tech devices）減輕了體力勞動（manual labor），解放了人類（liberate humans），讓人們有更多的時間從事其他的事情（more time are spent on other necessary matters）等，例如：

Advertisements build an efficient and direct link between manufacturers and customers.

Modern science and technology make our lives more efficient. A phone call, an e-mail or a fax can all bring people closer and make the world smaller.

3) 節(jié)省和浪費(fèi)：save time, save money, save space, economical, frugal, frugality; thrift, thrifty waste timemoneyspace, costly, time-consuming, lavish, 例如：

This will help them realize that it is not easy to make money and form the good habit of frugality.

There are many other ways for people to know commodities, so it is a waste to invest large sums of money in making advertisements on TV.

As for the young and middle-aged, they should make better use of their prime years instead of spending so much time raising pets.

It’s a costly and time-consuming hobby. China is a developing country and many people are still below the poverty line. Some children of the right age in poverty-stricken areas can’t afford to go to school.

… will be great extravagance of time, energy and money.

4) 心理與性格：mental health, spiritual health, psychological health, personality, character

好的性格 independent, independence, independently, cooperate, cooperative, cooperation, compete, competitive, competition, team spirit, considerate, confident, confidence, confidently, ambition, ambitious, individuality, tolerance, sociable, perseverance, deal with/solve problems by themselves (independent), optimistic

壞的性格 overbearing（專橫的，傲慢的）, selfish, conservative, isolated, conceited（自以為是的）, egotistic（自我本位的）, arrogant, domineering（作威作福的），overzealous（過分熱心的），nihilist（虛無主義的），opportunistic（機(jī)會主義的），pessimistic

性格的養(yǎng)成：cultivate, foster, develop, encourage, enrich, improve, enhance

例如：

Taking a part-time job can help cultivate independence and develop a strong sense of responsibility.

It will help foster a sense of competition and cooperation, which is quite necessary in one’s future career.

Working outside campus can enhance one’s social awareness and help one become more socially adaptable. With this, students are able to keep pace with the outside world.

It will do good for building up one’s confidence and offer one a sense of achievement because one can realize his value and capability.

Through this experience, students can learn to cooperate and compromise and master interpersonal skills needed for future success.

5) 豐富的生活：pleasure, joy, recreation, entertain, entertaining, entertainment, leisure time, interesting, relax, relaxed, relaxation. 對立面：dull, monotonous, tired, bored, tiredness, boring, tiring, fatigue, lonely, loneliness, weary, weariness, too much stress from work（工作壓力大），leisure time（業(yè)余時間增多），例如：

Gazing at the cold flickering screen is a disinteresting and tiring experience. It is not a good way to relax.

Some advertisements are of high artistic value, original and well designed; therefore they add to the beauty of our lives.

Raising pets is beneficial and joyful.

6) 環(huán)境：environment, environmental, pollute, polluted, pollution, pollutant, poisonous, contaminate, contamination, contaminated, contaminant, dirty, hygiene（衛(wèi)生），nature（自然）、on good terms with（和諧相處），ruin, destroy（破壞），例如：

Some leaflets and handouts are scattered here and there, polluting the environment.

Some people are destroying our earth by overexploiting the natural resources for immediate interests.

Too many cars running on the streets lead to air pollution and noise pollution.

By using the Internet, we can save our natural resources such as forests. It is much more environmentally friendly. The traditional form of books consumes too much wood.

7) 身體健康：health, physical health, healthy, disease, strong, strength, energetic, energetically，physical fitness（健身），raised awareness of fitness（健康意識的提高），例如：

Too much viewing of TV will lead people to a sedentary life lacking adequate exercise, which does harm to their health.

Some people may be addicted to netsurfing, which impairs people’s physical and mental health. (eyesight, radiation)

8) 安全和危險：safe, safety, safely, in safe, danger, dangerous, in danger, risk, hazard, hazardous

9) 經(jīng)驗(yàn)：experience, social experience

10) 發(fā)展：

學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步：

cope with the relationship between part-time jobs and study（大學(xué)生能否兼顧學(xué)習(xí)與工作），practice（如何學(xué)習(xí)與實(shí)踐），be prepared for or meet the requirements of future occupations（如何面對未來職業(yè)的要求）。

經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展：

economy, create more jobs, increase the tax base, improve society’s welfare，the reform and open-up policies（改革開放政策），economic construction（經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)），market economy（市場經(jīng)濟(jì)），sustainable development（可持續(xù)發(fā)展），social atmosphere（良好的社會風(fēng)氣），social stability（社會穩(wěn)定），public order（社會治安），social changes or transformations（社會變革），ideas or thoughts（人們的思想觀念）。

This exerts a negative impact on one’s study because … occupies much of a student’s valuable time. A student’s sole task is to make good use of his limited time to acquire knowledge and skills which are essential to his future career.

Part-time jobs may take up most of students’ valuable time for study and have a pernicious（有害的）effect on their study and overall development.

It helps develop the economy, because it helps remove the obstacles in the way of progress and liberate people’s minds.

（新變化，新科技）… created more jobs to release the pressure of unemployment.

… helps to improve the economic strength.

從以上十大通用原因中選擇合適的來說明下列題目：

1. 社會實(shí)踐的必要性

2. 改革四級考試的原因

3. 中國人家用汽車發(fā)展的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)

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