5.定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任。如：Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個(gè)大城市)

6.狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔(dān)任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力)

7.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老師要我自學(xué)法語(yǔ))

☆同位語(yǔ)通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的情況。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同學(xué)湯姆在哪里?)

(三)構(gòu)詞法

英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有：合成法、派生法和轉(zhuǎn)換法。

1.合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

2.派生法：

(1)派生名詞：①動(dòng)詞+er/or ②動(dòng)詞+ing ③動(dòng)詞+(t)ion ④形容詞+ness ⑤其他,如：inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

(2)派生形容詞：①名詞+y ②名詞+ful ③動(dòng)詞+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩國(guó)名+(i)an 如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

(3)派生副詞：①形容詞+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

3.轉(zhuǎn)換法：

(1)形容詞→動(dòng)詞,如：dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄干凈),等等。

(2)動(dòng)詞→名詞,如：look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

(3)名詞→動(dòng)詞,如：hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對(duì))等等。

(4)形容詞→副詞,如：early→early, fast→fast等等。

(5)副詞→連詞,如：when(什么時(shí)候)→(當(dāng)……時(shí)候),等等。

(6)介詞→副詞,如：in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)),等等。