第十三單元 推展段落方法之五——舉例法

13．1舉例法

舉例法（examples）也是推展主題的主要方法。舉例法有兩種形式，一種是首先陳述自己的觀點(diǎn)，然后舉出一個或多個例子闡明觀點(diǎn)；另一種是先舉一個很長的例子，然后轉(zhuǎn)入例子所要闡明的觀點(diǎn)。

讀下面段落：

Courage is the willingness to take a risk when the outcome is uncertain，and when the risk taken may involve harm，loss，or danger to the one taking it．The courageous person fears no one and nothing．He or she is undaunted by danger or peril．He or she will venture boldly into an uncertain situation，hardly giving a thought to the harm or consequences which may result to his or her person．

以上段落的缺點(diǎn)是乏味、含糊，不能向讀者表達(dá)作者關(guān)于“courage”的看法。請看下面重寫后的段落。

示范段落13-1

Courage is the willingness to take a risk when the outcome is uncertain，and when the risk taken may involve harm，loss，or danger to the one taking it．For example，in a Los Angeles suburb，a twelve－year－old girl ran into a burning house to rescue her baby brother，pulled him unconscious out of the burning bedroom，and dragged him down the stairs and outside to safety．This was arousing display of courage．The girl had been safe outside the flaming house when she remembered her sleeping brother．Disregarding her personal safety，she plunged into the flaming house to save him．

13．2示范段落分析

較之上一段落，這個段落更能清晰地傳達(dá)作者關(guān)于“courage”的觀點(diǎn)。首先，作者概述什么是“courage”，然后舉出一個女孩子從燃燒著的房子中把弟弟救出來的例子闡明這一觀點(diǎn)。

13．2關(guān)于寫舉例法段落的建議

1）選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)睦?/P>

所選的例子應(yīng)該能夠恰當(dāng)?shù)刂С肿约旱挠^點(diǎn)。

2）要表明你的例子所要闡明的觀點(diǎn)

大多數(shù)作者使用“for example”等短語引出例子。其它常用的短語有：“as an example”，“to illustrate”，“for instance”，“an illustration of it”，“a case in point”（見第34單元）。

3）不要濫用例子

Exercise 13-1

Directions：Read the following paragraph，point out the topic sentence，and find out what example the writer uses to illustrate his point．

Despite her wealth，Madame Rubinstein had a mania for saving money．French President Georges Pompidou once rented a Paris apartment from her．She noticed that he left the building at exactlly8：50 every morning．Madame began ordering her daily taxi for 8：45 so that she could save on cab fare by following Pompidou's motorcycle escort through the heavy Paris traffic．

Topic Sentence：____________________________________________

Example：__________________________________________________

Exercise 13-2

Directions：Choose one of the given topic sentences and use an example to develop the point．

（1）

Doing part－time jobs helps increase our experience．

___________________________________________

（2）

You may have heard the old saying，“Self-help is the best help．”The truth of it has been proved by the successful lives of many great men and women．

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